Oral-Formulaic Theory: Annotated Bibliography

Allan A. Metcalf. "Ten Natural Animals in Beowulf." Neophilologische Mitteilungen, 64:378-89.

Treats the animals in the Beowulf text from an oral-formulaic perspective (382), with special reference to the three beasts of battle (see Magoun 1955b and Bonjour 1957a)_the raven, eagle, and wolf_as prefigurative of doom.
Area: OE